Christina Große was born in Blankenhain on September 23, 1970. She went to study acting at the Filmhochschule Potsdam-Babelsberg from 1990 to 1994. While she was still enrolled, she already performed at the Deutsches Theater Berlin and, from 1993 onwards, she was a guest member of the Volksbühne (Berlin) and the Kleisttheater (Frankfurt/Oder) ensembles. From 1996 to 2006, Große belonged to the ensemble of Theater 89 in Berlin.

It was in the mid-nineties that she started acting in TV productions where she usually featured in smaller roles. The projects she was involved in spanned a wide range from police and crime series like "SOKO Wismar" and "Bella Block" to psychodramas ("Spur der Hoffnung", 1996) and more lightweight entertainment as "Meine Tochter und der Millionär" (2009). She featured in returning roles in the series "Freundschaft mit Herz" (1995-2002) and "Dr. Psycho - Die Bösen, die Bullen, meine Frau und ich" (2009). In 2009, she was also nominated for a German Comedy Award when she starred in the media satire "Der kleine Mann". Two years later, she featured as a single mother in "Weissensee", a historical TV series nominated for the German Television Award.

While Große had been very active in television, featuring in more than 100 films and series' episodes, she did not regularly show up on the big screen. Examples include Robert Thalheim's "Netto" ("Net", 2003), Tom Tykwer's "Drei" ("Three", 2010) or Doris Dörrie's "Die Friseuse" ("The Hairdresser", 2010), where Große played an unemployed hairdresser with a knack for business, and "Glück" ("Bliss", 2012). She was first billed for "Für Elise" ("For Elise", 2012) directed by Wolfgang Dinslage. The social drama starred Große again as a single mother, now a signature role for her. In "Für Elise" the character she embodies tries to treat her loneliness by binge drinking and one-night-stands. Axel Ranisch then cast her in a key role for "Ich fühl mich Disco" ("I Feel Like Disco", 2013) as the supportive mother of the protagonist, a teenager discovering his homosexuality.

In 2014, Christina Große was praised by audiences and critics alike, when she starred in the made-for-TV drama "Neufeld, mitkommen!" in which she played an infuriated yet helpless mother of a young student who is sent back to attend a class who had been bullying him massively before. For this role she was awarded Best Actress by the Deutsche Akademie für Fernsehen. The same year, she was also nominated for the Deutscher Schauspielerpreis for her featured part in the TV film "Mandy will ans Meer". She was again nominated in 2015 for playing a wife accused of infidelity in the crime film "Mörderische Hitze" (TV).

After participating in TV productions of all stripes, Große returned to the big screen in Axel Ranisch's tragicomedy "Alki Alki" (2015) as a wife facing a serious family crisis caused by the binge drinking husband.

In 2015, she also appeared in the television productions "Neufeld, mitkommen!", "Spreewaldkrimi: Mörderische Hitze" and "Be my Baby", all of which were nominated for the prestigious Grimme Award. In the following years, had leading and supporting roles in various television dramas, series and serials, including the three-part "Eltern allein zu Haus" (2017), various "Tatort" episodes and the series "Väter allein zu Haus" (2018-2020) - to name just a few examples. From 2017 to 2020, she played a leading role in the workplace sitcom "Das Institut - Oase des Scheiterns", for which she received the German Comedy Award in 2018; from 2020, she took on a regular role as a prosecutor in the crime series "Wolfsland".  

On the big screen, Christina Große could be seen in the eighties provincial comedy "Petting statt Pershing" (2018), in the leading role of the love triangle "Sag Du es mir" ("You Tell Me", 2020), in the children's film "Mission Ulja Funk" (DE/PL/LU 2021) and in Axel Ranisch's idiosyncratic opera interpretation "Orphea in Love" (2022). She also played a leading role in the award-winning drama "Alaska" (2022), about a woman who, after the death of her father, wants to visit the places of her childhood by kayak.