Anton von Lucke was born on September 30, 1989, in Hamburg, the son of photographer and filmmaker Ulrike Pfeiffer and cinematographer Philipp von Lucke - an artistic background that brought him into contact with the world of film from an early age.

From 2011 to 2015, he studied acting at the "Ernst Busch" Academy of Dramatic Arts in Berlin. After graduating, he joined the ensemble of the Deutsches Theater Göttingen for the 2015/16 season and returned in 2016/17 to perform in the title role of "Romeo and Juliet." 

Von Lucke made his film debut in the title role of François Ozon's acclaimed drama "Frantz" (FR/DE 2016). He gained further recognition with a supporting role as a police assistant in the first two seasons of the hit series "Babylon Berlin" (2017). This was followed by guest appearances in the crime series "Tatort", "Polizeiruf 110", and "Tödliche Geheimnisse" ("Deadly Leaks"), as well as a lead role in Esther Gronenborn's culture-clash comedy "Ziemlich russische Freunde" (2020, TV) and the miniseries "Die nettesten Menschen der Welt" ("The World's Nicest People," 2022).

On the big screen, von Lucke played a key role in the award-winning drama "Große Freiheit" ("Great Freedom", DE/AT 2021), as a gay man in prison who becomes the object of affection for Franz Rogowski's character. In the biopic "Alma & Oskar" (AT/CH/DE 2022), he portrayed Bauhaus founder Walter Gropius, and in the relationship drama "Chaos und Stille" ("Chaos and Silence," 2023), he took on the role of a composer. The film was released in German cinemas in June 2025, following several festival screenings. Shortly beforehand, he appeared in the miniseries "Levi Strauss und der Stoff der Träume" ("Call Me Levi"), playing tailor Jacob Davis, who is credited with inventing the blue jeans.