Sophia Bösch was born in 1987 in Winterthur, Switzerland. She completed a Bachelor's degree in Cinema Studies at the Academy of Dramatic Arts (Dramatiska Högskola) in Stockholm, where she was also one of the founders of the feminist film collective Lillemor Film in 2011. Her first short film, the chamber-play-like coming-of-age drama "Där barn jag lekt" (SE 2012), was screened at several international festivals.  

After returning to Germany, she began studying at the Babelsberg Film University Konrad Wolf. There, she directed the short documentary "Research Refugees: Meinungsaustausch" (2016, co-directed by Sophie Linnenbaum), which was part of the 2016 Berlinale's Perspektive Deutsches Kino section and won the Short-Tiger short film prize in 2017. Bösch also directed two short fiction films, "Blaue Stunde Sehnsucht" ("Wednesday Blues" 2016) and "Trophies" (2017); additionally, she directed an episode of the mini-series "Dit is Fußball!" (2016).  

Bösch’s Bachelor's graduation film "Rå" (DE/SE 2018), a coming-of-age story set in the forests of Sweden, was also shown in the Berlinale’s Perspektive Deutsches Kino section and won the German Short Film Prize and the Studio Hamburg Newcomer Award in 2018. Later, as a Master's student, she was one of the directors of the student episodic film "Waiters" (2020), with individual stories set in various restaurants. 

In 2022, Sophia Bösch began working on her first feature film, the dystopian drama "Milchzähne" ("Milk Teeth" DE/CH), based on the novel of the same name by Helene Bukowski. The film premiered at the Rotterdam Film Festival in early 2024 and was released in German cinemas in November of the same year.